Petra is not just Jordan's most famous attraction — it's one of the most extraordinary archaeological sites on Earth. Carved into rose-red sandstone cliffs by the Nabataeans over 2,000 years ago, this ancient city was hidden from the Western world until 1812. Today it welcomes visitors from every corner of the globe. Here's everything you need to know to make your Petra visit unforgettable.
In This Guide
A Brief History of Petra
Petra was the capital of the Nabataean Kingdom, a civilization of Arab traders who controlled the incense trade routes connecting Arabia, Egypt, and the Mediterranean between the 4th century BC and the 2nd century AD. The Nabataeans were master engineers — they built an ingenious water management system including dams, cisterns, and channels that allowed their city of 30,000 to thrive in the middle of the desert.
The Romans annexed the Nabataean Kingdom in 106 AD, and Petra continued to flourish for several centuries. However, shifting trade routes and a devastating earthquake in 363 AD began its long decline. By the time Swiss explorer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt "rediscovered" it in 1812, Petra was known only to the local Bedouin tribes.
In 1985, Petra was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and in 2007, it was named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.
What to See in Petra
The Siq
Your Petra journey begins with a 1.2-kilometer walk through the Siq, a narrow gorge with towering sandstone walls reaching 80 meters high. The walls display stunning natural color striations in shades of rose, amber, and cream. Watch for ancient Nabataean water channels carved into the rock face and small niches that once held religious carvings. The Siq builds anticipation beautifully — and what waits at the end is worth every step.
The Treasury (Al-Khazneh)
The most iconic sight in Jordan, the Treasury's elaborate Hellenistic facade stands 40 meters tall, carved directly into the sandstone cliff face. Despite its name, it was likely a royal tomb. The detail of its columns, friezes, and statues is extraordinary considering it was carved from the top down. Visit early morning for the best light photography or late afternoon when golden sun illuminates the facade.
The Street of Facades & Royal Tombs
Beyond the Treasury, the valley opens into a wide canyon lined with dozens of carved tomb facades. The four massive Royal Tombs — the Urn Tomb, the Silk Tomb, the Corinthian Tomb, and the Palace Tomb — are carved high into the eastern cliff face and offer incredible views of the entire valley.
The Colonnaded Street & Great Temple
Petra was a full city, not just a collection of tombs. The Roman-era colonnaded street runs through the center, flanked by the remains of markets, temples, and public buildings. The Great Temple complex covers 7,000 square meters and features an ornamental garden, lower terrace, and upper temple platform.
The Monastery (Ad Deir)
If the Treasury is Petra's most famous monument, the Monastery is its most impressive. Reached by climbing approximately 900 rock-cut steps (about 45 minutes), the Monastery stands 47 meters wide and 48 meters tall — significantly larger than the Treasury. The effort is rewarded with an enormous facade, a small café at the top, and panoramic views stretching to the Wadi Araba and Israel beyond.
The High Place of Sacrifice
A steep but rewarding climb leads to the High Place of Sacrifice, a Nabataean altar platform at one of the highest points in Petra. The views from the top encompass the entire site and surrounding mountains. The descent via Wadi Farasa passes the Lion Fountain, the Garden Tomb, and the Soldier's Tomb — some of the most beautiful (and least visited) monuments in Petra.
How Many Days Do You Need?
This is the most common question we hear, and the answer depends on your pace:
- One day: Enough to walk the Siq, see the Treasury, explore the Street of Facades, and visit some Royal Tombs. You'll see the highlights but miss the deeper experience.
- Two days (recommended): Day one for the main trail to the Treasury, Royal Tombs, and Colonnaded Street. Day two for the Monastery climb, High Place of Sacrifice, and hidden trails. This gives you time to absorb the atmosphere.
- Three days: For the dedicated explorer. Includes all of the above plus Little Petra (Siq al-Barid), the lesser-known back trails, and time to revisit favorites at different times of day for photography.
Practical Tips for Visiting Petra
- Footwear: Wear sturdy, comfortable walking shoes. You'll walk 8–15 km depending on what you visit. Sandals are not recommended.
- Water: Bring at least 2 liters per person. There are small shops inside Petra, but water gets expensive.
- Sun protection: Hat, sunscreen, and sunglasses are essential. There is limited shade.
- Timing: Gates open at 6:00 AM. Arrive early to beat the crowds and the heat. The Treasury is magical in the early morning light.
- Photography: Early morning and late afternoon provide the best golden light on the sandstone facades.
- Guides: A local guide transforms Petra from a visual spectacle into a living story. They know hidden corners, the best viewpoints, and the history behind every facade.
Petra by Night
On Monday, Wednesday, and Thursday evenings, Petra offers a magical nighttime experience. The Siq is lined with over 1,500 luminaries (candle-lit paper bags) leading to the Treasury, which glows in candlelight while Bedouin musicians play traditional instruments. The walk takes about 25 minutes each way, and the experience at the Treasury lasts approximately 1.5 hours. It's a mystical, unforgettable experience — arrive early for the best seating positions.
Want to Explore Petra with a Local Expert?
Our Petra tours are led by guides who grew up in the shadow of these ancient walls. They'll show you spots most visitors never find.
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